Uburyo butanu bwo gutunganya igishushanyo |Amahugurwa yimashini igezweho

Gutunganya ibishushanyo birashobora kuba ubucuruzi bworoshye, kubwibyo gushyira ibibazo bimwe imbere nibyingenzi kubyara umusaruro no kunguka.
Ukuri kwerekanye ko grafite igoye gukora imashini, cyane cyane kuri electrode ya EDM isaba neza kandi neza.Hano hari ingingo eshanu zingenzi ugomba kwibuka mugihe ukoresheje igishushanyo:
Ibyiciro bya Graphite biragoye kubitandukanya, ariko buri kimwe gifite imiterere yihariye yimikorere.Ibyiciro bya Graphite bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bitandatu ukurikije ubunini buringaniye, ariko ibyiciro bitatu gusa (ingano ya microne 10 cyangwa munsi yayo) bikunze gukoreshwa muri EDM igezweho.Urwego mu byiciro ni icyerekezo gishobora gukoreshwa no gukora.
Dukurikije inyandiko yanditswe na Doug Garda (Toyo Tanso, wanditse kuri mushiki wacu “MoldMaking Technology” icyo gihe, ariko ubu ni SGL Carbon), amanota afite ubunini buke buri hagati ya microni 8 na 10 akoreshwa mu gukomeretsa.Kurangiza neza neza nibisobanuro birambuye ukoresha amanota ya 5 kugeza 8 ya micron ingano.Electrode ikozwe muri aya manota akenshi ikoreshwa mugukora ibishushanyo mbonera no gupfa, cyangwa kubutaka bworoshye kandi bikozwe mubyuma.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyiza kandi gito, ibintu bigoye birakwiriye cyane kubunini buke kuva kuri 3 kugeza kuri 5 microne.Porogaramu ya electrode muriki cyiciro harimo gukata insinga hamwe nikirere.
Ultra-nziza ya electrode ikoresheje amanota ya grafite ifite ubunini bwa microne 1 kugeza kuri 3 akenshi bisabwa mubyuma bidasanzwe byo mu kirere hamwe na karbide.
Iyo wanditse ingingo ya MMT, Jerry Mercer wibikoresho bya Poco yerekanaga ingano yingingo, imbaraga zunama, hamwe ninkombe ya Shore nkibintu bitatu byingenzi byerekana imikorere mugihe cyo gutunganya electrode.Nyamara, microstructure ya grafite mubisanzwe ni ibintu bigabanya imikorere ya electrode mugihe cya nyuma cya EDM.
Mu kindi kiganiro MMT, Mercer yavuze ko imbaraga zo kugunama zigomba kuba hejuru ya 13,000 psi kugirango harebwe niba grafite ishobora gutunganyirizwa mu rubavu rwimbitse kandi ruto rutavunitse.Igikorwa cyo gukora amashanyarazi ya grafite ni ndende kandi irashobora gusaba ibisobanuro birambuye, bigoye-kumashini, bityo rero kuramba nkibi bifasha kugabanya ibiciro.
Gukomera ku nkombe bipima imikorere ya grafite.Mercer iraburira ko amanota ya grafite yoroshye cyane ashobora gufunga ibikoresho, kugabanya umuvuduko wo gutunganya cyangwa kuzuza imyobo ivumbi, bityo agashyiraho igitutu kurukuta.Muri ibi bihe, kugabanya ibiryo n'umuvuduko birashobora gukumira amakosa, ariko bizongera igihe cyo gutunganya.Mugihe cyo gutunganya, grafite ikomeye, ntoya-irashobora kandi gutuma ibintu kumpera yumwobo bimeneka.Ibi bikoresho birashobora kandi gutesha agaciro igikoresho, biganisha ku kwambara, bigira ingaruka ku busugire bwa diameter yumwobo kandi byongera amafaranga yakazi.Mubisanzwe, kugirango wirinde gutandukana kurwego rwo hejuru rukomeye, birakenewe kugabanya ibiryo bitunganyirizwa hamwe nihuta rya buri ngingo hamwe nuburemere bwa Shore burenze 80 kuri 1%.
Kubera uburyo EDM ikora ishusho yindorerwamo ya electrode mugice cyatunganijwe, Mercer yavuze kandi ko microstructure yuzuye ipakiye neza, ni ngombwa kuri electrode ya grafite.Imipaka idahwanye yongerera ubukana, bityo ikongerera isuri kandi byihuta kunanirwa na electrode.Mugihe cyambere cyo gutunganya amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike, microstructure itaringaniye nayo irashobora gutuma habaho ubuso butarangiye-iki kibazo kirakomeye cyane kumashanyarazi yihuta.Ibibanza bikomeye muri grafite birashobora kandi gutuma igikoresho kinyerera, bigatuma electrode yanyuma itagaragara.Uku gutandukana gushobora kuba gake bihagije kuburyo umwobo wa oblique ugaragara neza aho winjirira.
Hano hari imashini zihariye zitunganya grafite.Nubwo izo mashini zizihutisha cyane umusaruro, ntabwo arizo mashini zonyine ababikora bashobora gukoresha.Usibye kugenzura ivumbi (byasobanuwe nyuma mu kiganiro), ingingo za MMS zashize ahagaragara ibyiza byimashini zifite spindles yihuta kandi igenzura hamwe n umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukora grafite.Byiza, kugenzura byihuse bigomba no kugira ibintu bireba imbere, kandi abakoresha bagomba gukoresha ibikoresho byogutezimbere software.
Iyo winjizamo electrode ya grafite - ni ukuvuga kuzuza imyenge ya microstructure ya grafite hamwe na micron-nini-Garda irasaba gukoresha umuringa kuko ishobora gutunganya umuringa udasanzwe hamwe na nikel, nk'ibikoreshwa mu kirere.Umuringa ushizwemo amanota ya grafite atanga umusaruro ushimishije kuruta amanota atashyizwemo icyiciro kimwe.Barashobora kandi kugera kubikorwa bitunganijwe neza mugihe bakora mubihe bibi nko gutembera nabi cyangwa kubakoresha badafite uburambe.
Dukurikije ingingo ya gatatu ya Mercer, nubwo igishushanyo mbonera gikoreshwa mu gukora electrode ya EDM-ntigishobora kwangiza abantu kurusha ibindi bikoresho, guhumeka nabi birashobora gutera ibibazo.Igishushanyo mbonera cyogukora, gishobora gutera ibibazo kubikoresho, bishobora kuba bigufi-mugihe bihuye nibikoresho byo hanze.Byongeye kandi, grafite yinjijwemo ibikoresho nkumuringa na tungsten bisaba ubwitonzi bwihariye.
Mercer yasobanuye ko ijisho ry'umuntu ridashobora kubona umukungugu wa grafite mu bintu bito cyane, ariko birashobora gutera uburakari, kurira no gutukura.Guhura n'umukungugu birashobora kuba bibi kandi bikarakaza gato, ariko ntibishoboka ko byinjira.Ikigereranyo kiremereye (TWA) umurongo ngenderwaho wumukungugu wa grafite mumasaha 8 ni 10 mg / m3, ni intumbero igaragara kandi ntizigera igaragara muri sisitemu yo gukusanya ivumbi ikoreshwa.
Guhura cyane nu mukungugu wa grafite igihe kirekire birashobora gutuma uduce twa grafite duhumeka tuguma mu bihaha na bronchi.Ibi birashobora gutera indwara idakira ya pneumoconiose yitwa indwara ya grafite.Igishushanyo mbonera gifitanye isano na grafite karemano, ariko mubihe bidasanzwe bifitanye isano na grafitike.
Umukungugu urundarunda ku kazi urashya cyane, kandi (mu ngingo ya kane) Mercer avuga ko ishobora guturika mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.Iyo gutwika guhura nubunini buhagije bwibice byiza byahagaritswe mukirere, hazabaho umuriro wumukungugu na deflagration.Niba umukungugu ukwirakwijwe ku bwinshi cyangwa uri ahantu hafunze, birashoboka cyane guturika.Kugenzura ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose buteye akaga (lisansi, ogisijeni, gutwika, gukwirakwizwa cyangwa kubuzwa) birashobora kugabanya cyane amahirwe yo guturika.Mu bihe byinshi, inganda zibanda kuri lisansi ikuraho umukungugu uva mumyuka ihumeka, ariko amaduka agomba gutekereza kubintu byose kugirango umutekano ugere.Ibikoresho byo kugenzura ivumbi bigomba kandi kugira umwobo utagira ibisasu cyangwa sisitemu irinda ibisasu, cyangwa bigashyirwa ahantu habuze ogisijeni.
Mercer yerekanye uburyo bubiri bwingenzi bwo kugenzura ivumbi rya grafite: sisitemu yihuta yihuta hamwe nogukusanya ivumbi-irashobora gukosorwa cyangwa kugendana bitewe na porogaramu - hamwe na sisitemu itose yuzuza agace kegereye ikata n'amazi.
Amaduka akora make yo gutunganya grafite arashobora gukoresha igikoresho kigendanwa hamwe nu mwuka mwinshi wo mu kirere (HEPA) ushobora kwimurwa hagati yimashini.Nyamara, amahugurwa atunganya grafite nyinshi agomba gukoresha sisitemu ihamye.Umuvuduko muto wumwuka wo gufata umukungugu ni metero 500 kumunota, kandi umuvuduko mumiyoboro wiyongera byibuze metero 2000 kumasegonda.
Sisitemu itose ikoresha ibyago byo gutembera "gukwega" (kwinjizwa) mubikoresho bya electrode kugirango ihindure umukungugu.Kunanirwa gukuramo amazi mbere yo gushyira electrode muri EDM bishobora kuviramo kwanduza amavuta ya dielectric.Abakoresha bagomba gukoresha ibisubizo bishingiye kumazi kuko ibyo bisubizo ntibikunze gukurura amavuta kuruta ibisubizo bishingiye kumavuta.Kuma electrode mbere yo gukoresha EDM mubisanzwe bikubiyemo gushyira ibikoresho mumatanura ya convection mugihe cyisaha imwe mubushyuhe hejuru gato yumwanya wumuti.Ubushyuhe ntibugomba kurenga dogere 400, kuko ibi bizahindura okiside kandi bikangirika.Abakora nabo ntibagomba gukoresha umwuka wugarije kugirango wumishe electrode, kuko umuvuduko wumwuka uzahatira gusa amazi mumiterere ya electrode.
Igikoresho cya Princeton cyizera kwagura ibicuruzwa byacyo, kongera imbaraga kuri West Coast, no kuba isoko rusange.Kugirango ugere kuri izi ntego eshatu icyarimwe, kugura irindi duka ryimashini byabaye amahitamo meza.
Igikoresho cya EDM kizunguruka kizengurutse icyerekezo cya elegitoronike ya elegitoronike muri CNC iyobowe na CNC, gitanga amahugurwa hamwe nibikorwa byoroshye kandi byoroshye kugirango bikore ibikoresho bya PCD bigoye kandi byuzuye.


Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-26-2021