Gutunganya ibishushanyo birashobora kuba ubucuruzi bworoshye, bityo gushyira ibibazo bimwe imbere nibyingenzi kubyara umusaruro no kunguka.
Ukuri kwerekanye ko grafite igoye gukora imashini, cyane cyane kuri electrode ya EDM isaba neza neza kandi ihamye.Dore ingingo eshanu zingenzi ugomba kwibuka mugihe ukoresheje igishushanyo:
Ibyiciro bya Graphite biragoye kubitandukanya, ariko buri kimwe gifite imiterere yihariye yumubiri nibikorwa.Ibyiciro bya Graphite bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bitandatu ukurikije ubunini buringaniye, ariko ibyiciro bitatu bito gusa (ingano ya microne 10 cyangwa munsi yayo) bikunze gukoreshwa muri EDM igezweho.Urwego mubyiciro ni icyerekezo gishobora gukoreshwa no gukora.
Dukurikije inyandiko yanditswe na Doug Garda (Toyo Tanso, wanditse kuri mushiki wacu “MoldMaking Technology” icyo gihe, ariko ubu ni SGL Carbon), amanota afite ubunini buke buri hagati ya microni 8 na 10 akoreshwa mu gukomeretsa.Kurangiza neza neza nibisobanuro birambuye ukoresha amanota ya 5 kugeza 8 ya micron ingano.Electrode ikozwe muri aya manota akenshi ikoreshwa mugukora ibishushanyo mbonera no gupfa, cyangwa kubifu byoroshye kandi byuma byacuzwe.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyiza kandi gito, ibintu birushijeho kuba byiza birakwiriye kubunini buke kuva kuri microne 3 kugeza 5.Porogaramu ya electrode muriki cyiciro harimo gukata insinga hamwe nikirere.
Ultra-nziza ya electrode ikoresheje amanota ya grafite ifite ubunini bwa microne 1 kugeza kuri 3 akenshi bisabwa mubyuma bidasanzwe byo mu kirere hamwe na karbide.
Iyo wanditse ingingo ya MMT, Jerry Mercer wibikoresho bya Poco yerekanye ubunini buke, imbaraga zunama, hamwe ninkombe ya Shore nkibintu bitatu byingenzi byerekana imikorere mugihe cyo gutunganya electrode.Nyamara, microstructure ya grafite mubisanzwe ni ibintu bigabanya imikorere ya electrode mugihe cya nyuma cya EDM.
Mu kindi kiganiro MMT, Mercer yavuze ko imbaraga zigoramye zigomba kuba hejuru ya 13.000 psi kugirango harebwe ko grafite ishobora gutunganyirizwa mu rubavu rwimbitse kandi ruto rutavunitse.Igikorwa cyo gukora grafite electrode ni ndende kandi irashobora gusaba ibisobanuro birambuye, bigoye-kumashini, bityo rero kuramba nkibi bifasha kugabanya ibiciro.
Gukomera ku nkombe bipima imikorere ya grafite.Mercer iraburira ko amanota ya grafite yoroshye cyane ashobora gufunga ibikoresho, kugabanya umuvuduko wo gutunganya cyangwa kuzuza umwobo umukungugu, bityo agashyiraho igitutu kurukuta.Muri ibi bihe, kugabanya ibiryo n'umuvuduko birashobora gukumira amakosa, ariko bizongera igihe cyo gutunganya.Mugihe cyo gutunganya, grafite ikomeye, ntoya-grafite irashobora kandi gutuma ibintu kumpera yumwobo bimeneka.Ibi bikoresho birashobora kandi gutesha agaciro igikoresho, biganisha ku kwambara, bigira ingaruka ku busugire bwa diameter yumwobo kandi byongera amafaranga yakazi.Mubisanzwe, kugirango wirinde gutandukana kurwego rwo hejuru rukomeye, birakenewe kugabanya ibiryo bitunganyirizwa hamwe numuvuduko wa buri ngingo hamwe ninkombe ya Shore irenga 80 kuri 1%.
Kubera uburyo EDM ikora ishusho yindorerwamo ya electrode mugice cyatunganijwe, Mercer yavuze kandi ko microstructure yuzuye ipakiye cyane, ari ngombwa kuri electrode ya grafite.Imipaka itaringaniye yongerera ubukana, bityo ikongerera isuri no kwihuta kwa electrode.Mugihe cyambere cyo gutunganya electrode yambere, microstructure itaringaniye irashobora kandi gutuma habaho kurangiza hejuru yuburinganire-iki kibazo kirakomeye cyane kumashanyarazi yihuta.Ibibanza bikomeye muri grafite birashobora kandi gutuma igikoresho kinyerera, bigatuma electrode yanyuma itagaragara.Uku gutandukana gushobora kuba gake bihagije kuburyo umwobo wa oblique ugaragara neza aho winjirira.
Hano hari imashini zihariye zitunganya grafite.Nubwo izo mashini zizihutisha cyane umusaruro, ntabwo arizo mashini zonyine ababikora bashobora gukoresha.Usibye kugenzura ivumbi (byasobanuwe nyuma mu ngingo), ingingo za MMS zashize zanagaragaje ibyiza byimashini zifite umuvuduko mwinshi no kugenzura hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi wo gutunganya ibishushanyo mbonera.Byiza, kugenzura byihuse bigomba no kugira ibintu bireba imbere, kandi abakoresha bagomba gukoresha ibikoresho byogutezimbere software.
Iyo gutera inda ya electrode ya grafite - ni ukuvuga, kuzuza imyenge ya microstructure ya grafite na micron-nini-Garda irasaba ko hakoreshwa umuringa kuko ushobora gutunganya umuringa udasanzwe hamwe na nikel, nk'ibikoreshwa mu kirere.Umuringa winjizwemo na grafite amanota atanga umusaruro mwiza kuruta amanota atatewe inshinge zo murwego rumwe.Barashobora kandi kugera kubikorwa bitunganijwe neza mugihe bakora mubihe bibi nko gutembera nabi cyangwa kubakoresha badafite uburambe.
Dukurikije ingingo ya gatatu ya Mercer, nubwo grafite synthèque syntique-ubwoko bwakoreshejwe mu gukora electrode ya EDM-iba idafite ubuzima bw’ibinyabuzima bityo rero mu ikubitiro ikaba itangiza abantu kurusha ibindi bikoresho, guhumeka nabi birashobora gutera ibibazo.Igishushanyo mbonera cyogukora, gishobora gutera ibibazo bimwe mubikoresho, bishobora kuba umuzunguruko mugufi iyo bihuye nibikoresho byo hanze.Byongeye kandi, grafite yatewe ibikoresho nkumuringa na tungsten bisaba ubwitonzi bwihariye.
Mercer yasobanuye ko ijisho ry'umuntu ridashobora kubona umukungugu wa grafite mu bintu bito cyane, ariko birashobora gutera uburakari, kurira no gutukura.Guhura n'umukungugu birashobora kuba bibi kandi bikarakaza gato, ariko ntibishoboka ko byinjira.Ikigereranyo kiremereye (TWA) umurongo ngenderwaho wumukungugu wa grafite mumasaha 8 ni 10 mg / m3, ni intumbero igaragara kandi ntizigera igaragara muri sisitemu yo gukusanya ivumbi ikoreshwa.
Guhura cyane nu mukungugu wa grafite igihe kirekire birashobora gutuma uduce twa grafite duhumeka tuguma mu bihaha na bronchi.Ibi birashobora gutera indwara ya pneumoconiose idakira yitwa indwara ya grafite.Igishushanyo mubisanzwe gifitanye isano na grafite karemano, ariko mubihe bidasanzwe bifitanye isano na grafitike.
Umukungugu urundanya mu kazi urashya cyane, kandi (mu ngingo ya kane) Mercer avuga ko ishobora guturika mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.Iyo gutwika guhura nikintu gihagije cyibice byiza byahagaritswe mukirere, umuriro wumukungugu hamwe na deflagration bizabaho.Niba umukungugu ukwirakwijwe ku bwinshi cyangwa uri ahantu hafunze, birashoboka cyane ko waturika.Kugenzura ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose buteye akaga (lisansi, ogisijeni, gutwika, gukwirakwizwa cyangwa kubuzwa) birashobora kugabanya cyane amahirwe yo guturika.Kenshi na kenshi, inganda zibanda kuri lisansi ikuraho umukungugu uva mu isoko binyuze mu guhumeka, ariko amaduka agomba gutekereza ku bintu byose kugira ngo umutekano urusheho kuba mwiza.Ibikoresho byo kurwanya umukungugu bigomba kandi kuba bifite umwobo udashobora guturika cyangwa sisitemu yo kwirinda ibisasu, cyangwa bigashyirwa ahantu habuze umwuka wa ogisijeni.
Mercer yerekanye uburyo bubiri bwingenzi bwo kugenzura ivumbi rya grafite: sisitemu yihuta yihuta hamwe nogukusanya ivumbi-ishobora gukosorwa cyangwa kugendana bitewe na porogaramu - hamwe na sisitemu itose yuzuza agace kegereye ikata n'amazi.
Amaduka akora igipimo gito cyo gutunganya grafite arashobora gukoresha igikoresho kigendanwa hamwe nu mwuka mwinshi wo mu kirere (HEPA) muyunguruzi ushobora kwimurwa hagati yimashini.Nyamara, amahugurwa atunganya umubare munini wa grafite agomba gukoresha sisitemu ihamye.Umuvuduko muto wumwuka wo gufata umukungugu ni metero 500 kumunota, kandi umuvuduko uri mu muyoboro wiyongera byibura metero 2000 kumasegonda.
Sisitemu itose ikoresha ibyago byo gutembera "gukwega" (kwinjizwa) mubikoresho bya electrode kugirango ihindure umukungugu.Kudakuraho amazi mbere yo gushyira electrode muri EDM bishobora kuviramo kwanduza amavuta ya dielectric.Abakoresha bagomba gukoresha ibisubizo bishingiye kumazi kuko ibyo bisubizo ntibikunze gukurura amavuta kuruta ibisubizo bishingiye kumavuta.Kuma electrode mbere yo gukoresha EDM mubisanzwe bikubiyemo gushyira ibikoresho mumatanura ya convection mugihe cyisaha imwe mubushyuhe burenze gato aho umwuka uva.Ubushyuhe ntibugomba kurenga dogere 400, kuko ibi bizahindura okiside kandi bikangirika ibintu.Abakora ntibagomba kandi gukoresha umwuka wugarije kugirango bakame electrode, kuko umuvuduko wumwuka uzahatira gusa amazi mumiterere ya electrode.
Igikoresho cya Princeton cyizera kwagura ibicuruzwa byacyo, kongera imbaraga kuri West Coast, no kurushaho gutanga isoko muri rusange.Kugirango ugere kuri izi ntego eshatu icyarimwe, kugura irindi duka ryimashini byabaye amahitamo meza.
Icyuma cya EDM kizunguruka kizengurutse icyerekezo cya elegitoroniki ya electrode iyobowe na CNC igenzurwa na CNC, itanga amahugurwa hamwe no gukora neza kandi byoroshye gukora ibikoresho bya PCD bigoye kandi byuzuye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-26-2021